Hip Dysplasia

What is Hip Dysplasia?

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is a condition where the hip joint does not form properly. In a healthy hip, the ball of the femur fits securely into the hip socket. In DDH, the socket may be too shallow, allowing the ball to slip in and out—or even dislocate completely.

What Causes Hip Dysplasia?

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) can occur before or after birth. It’s more common in firstborns, girls, breech babies, and those with a family history of hip problems. Tightly swaddling a baby with legs extended can also increase the risk after birth.

What to Look For (Physical Examination)

Doctors check for DDH during newborn exams using gentle hip movement tests like the Ortolani and Barlow maneuvers. Signs may include a clicking sound in the hip, uneven leg lengths or skin folds, and limited movement in one leg. In older babies, delayed crawling or walking may also be a concern.

How is Hip Dysplasia Treated?

Treatment depends on the child’s age and how severe the condition is. Newborns may wear a Pavlik harness to keep the hips properly positioned. Older babies might need realignment and casting, while surgery is sometimes needed if treatment is delayed or less effective.

Possible Complications

If untreated or diagnosed late, DDH can lead to hip instability, pain, or early joint degeneration. Even after treatment, regular follow-up is important to ensure the hip continues to develop normally.

Tests and Investigations

Ultrasound is the preferred imaging test for infants under 3 months, as it provides clear views of the still-developing hip joint. After 6 months, when the bones are more developed, X-rays are typically used. These imaging tests help confirm the diagnosis and assess how unstable or shallow the hip socket is.

What to Expect
(Outcomes)

With early diagnosis and proper treatment, the outlook is excellent. Most children go on to develop normal hips and enjoy full mobility. Delayed treatment can increase the risk of early arthritis or long-term joint issues.

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