Bow Legs

What are Bow Legs?

Bow legs, or genu varum, is a condition where a child’s legs curve outward at the knees when standing with feet together. This creates a noticeable gap between the knees. It’s very common in babies and toddlers and is usually part of normal development.

What Causes Bow Legs?

Most bow legs in young children are considered normal and result from the curled position babies have in the womb. This condition, known as physiological bowing, usually improves as the child grows, stands, and begins to walk. In rare cases, bow legs may be caused by conditions such as Blount’s disease, rickets, or genetic bone disorders.

What to Look For (Physical Examination)

Parents may notice a visible outward curve in the child’s legs, especially when they are standing. There is often a gap between the knees while the ankles are together, but the child typically moves and plays without pain. In normal cases, the bowing appears equally on both legs and does not cause discomfort.

How are Bow Legs Treated?

Most children with bow legs do not require treatment, as their legs usually straighten naturally by age three or four. However, medical care may be needed if the condition worsens, affects only one leg, or is linked to an underlying issue like Blount’s disease. In such cases, treatment options may include surgery for older children with persistent deformities.

Possible Complications

If left untreated in pathological cases, bow legs can lead to abnormal gait, knee strain, or joint problems in adolescence or adulthood.

That’s why monitoring and follow-up with a pediatric orthopedic specialist is important if the bowing doesn’t improve with age.

Tests and Investigations

In most cases, no special tests are needed to confirm the diagnosis. If picked up on a prenatal ultrasound, follow-up evaluation after birth is essential. In certain situations, X-rays are usually done as a baseline, and blood tests may be requested or rule out other conditions.

What to Expect
(Outcomes)

Many childrens legs will naturally straighten and require no further medical care.
For those with more severe cases, with the correct management they will go on to enjoy full and active lives. 

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